Fedor Dudyrev — Candidate of Sciences in History, Director of the Center for Vocational Educa­tion Studies, Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics. E-mail: fdudyrev@hse.ru

Olga Romanova — Analyst, Center for Vocational Education Studies, Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics. E-mail: oromanova@hse.ru

Pavel Travkin — Candidate of Sciences in Economics, Research Fellow, Laboratory for Labor Market Studies, National Research University Higher School of Economics. E-mail: ptravkin@hse.ru

Address: 20 Myasnitskaya Str., 101000 Moscow, Russian Federation.

The study is devoted to employment of recent vocational graduates. The pro­portion of middle-school graduates in vocational enrollment has increased es­sentially over the past decade, which indicates that the choice of vocational trajectories, on average, is now made at lower age. It was established based on the Monitoring of Education Markets and Organizations that on average 44 percent of students combined work and study in 2010–2015. Vocational students mostly combine and work and study because of financial constraints, their study-work rarely being related to their major. Later on, when making a transition from education to the labor market, vocational graduates have to ac­cept one of the first job offers as they cannot afford a longer job search. The second part of the study draws upon the findings from the 2010–2015 sam­pling survey of graduate employment administered by the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat). It is shown that combining work and study has posi­tive effects on employability of graduates as well as on the size of their starting salaries. In addition, self-funded students and those who combine study with major-related work are more likely to get employed in their field of study af­ter graduation. Education-job mismatch among graduates is found to entail income “penalties”.